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"Sow an act, reap a habit. Sow a habit and you reap a character. Sow a character and you reap a destiny. "

Charles Reade - English writer

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The mist of time when a name is not appropriate.

What would be the proper name for those who practice one way of seeing things? How could we call that many believe needs to have and only reflect the imposition of a corrupt environment? Does he have a name that is shown pretending to look grotesque and vulgar harmonious and subtle? Perhaps the picture that came out of a pen and a few colored pencils and now I present, do not carry a single name, but an amount equivalent to all who wish to title. Enjoy.

Edgardo Vega

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The magic of believing

Behind everything, absolutely all of them, a world that we see or do not want to see. What if one day those "fictions" we touch the shoulder? What if volteásemos to see?

Edgardo Vega

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Architecture in Accord with Cosmic Law

Sthapatya Veda design is the most ancient and supreme system of planning countries, towns, villages and homes in accordance with Natural Law, connecting individual life with cosmic life, individual intelligence with cosmic intelligence, and creating ideal living conditions on earth where everyone will feel, "I'm living in heaven."

Sthapatya Vedic Knowledge Veda - Vastu Vidya - is the knowledge that establishes everything in the most orderly manner so that everything is completely nourished by everything else. Sthapatya Veda is the supreme science of development that puts the parties and the whole, the individual and universe, in a reciprocal partnership perfect.

If homes and workplaces are not in harmony with Natural Law that harmonizes all in creating and maintaining order throughout the expanding universe, the individual's life will always remain unbalanced. The lack of balance between the individual and his Cosmic Counterparts will always be the basic cause of ill health, problems and misfortune.

'People do not usually know the orientation (north, south, east and west) of residential buildings and offices contribute greatly to the success and progress in professional life, and health, happiness and fortune in the individual level.

"You can eliminate a considerable amount of ill health, misfortune and suffering to living and working in properly oriented homes and offices."

'Sthapatya Veda promotes the construction according to Natural Law, which takes into account the orientation of buildings in the direction - north, south, east and west. " -

People who live or work in buildings designed according to Vedic architecture Sthapatya found that:

think more clearly and creatively

make better decisions

feel happier and healthier

feel more alert and fresh all day

enjoy a more restful and refreshing sleep

enjoy more energy and less fatigue

experience less stress and greater peace of mind

Tradition Sthapatya Veda design, houses and offices not built in accordance with Natural Law can create problems

anxiety, depression

disease, chronic

blocking creativity

bad luck, financial loss

obstacles to progress and success

disharmony in relationships,

family crisis

antisocial behavior and even

Crime Trends

The application of the principles of Veda Sthapatya based eradicate the suffering caused by the violation of Natural Law, and will fulfill the great purpose of architecture and homes for a happy and healthy life free of problems on Earth.

Vastu and that is it for?

Vastu means nature, environment, any existing thing as a room, a house or building shelter. A place to live. In our case

harmony applies to housing. The places where people live or work are in resonance with nature.

The Vastu is the origin of Feng Shui is related to Vedic astrology, Jyotish, and the Ayur Veda, India medicine.

The Vastu shastra is a treatise on architecture, construction and decoration that is in the scriptures of ancient India, the Vedas, specifically the ban sthapati. Addresses issues choosing the appropriate place with appropriate times combined to build different parts of the house. Choose an appropriate time to lay the foundation stone of the building, the foundations, the gateway first. That ritual should be done to every important moment in relation to construction. For the design of the house, an architect must have knowledge of the elements, directions, regencies of these, appropriate venues for different functions of the rooms or rooms of the house, office, business or wherever you work or living.

should know about building materials and effects on humans.

Other aspects important as the elements, namely: ether, air, fire, water and earth, and its effect in relation to the functions and locations of the different rooms, offices or rooms. Review

points where there is radiation, underground streams and magnetic fields.

Questions like when to start a construction, when moving into a house. If the house where you live is appropriate or not.

In that aspect which benefits and harms. For the wrong

building where they live, what to do to be unaffected. That arrangements can be made.

A house can be inhabited or not as the construction, layout and orientation of the rooms and their functions.

The consultant, vasati, find it appropriate and favorable for the proper and what is not. Diagnosed under construction and suggested that do to the inappropriateness. Recommendations are given, from structural to the simplest.

More information:

http://vrinda.vaisnava.hu/jyotish/

http://kaladev.blogspot.com/

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we bring the first delivery of what we hope are many jobs. This is a short story in which we were honored to work with Ruben Torreiro, a great professional inks and a great person.

Enjoy it.

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First of all, and accordingly, I welcome on behalf of all those comics and we'll settle Crater shaping this space. This is a good opportunity to begin to expose our work and you get the most accurate way possible, without intermediaries that the authors themselves of such works.

Periodically we will be presenting short stories on the blog created entirely by us, adaptations of short stories by great writers, several illustrations and news about the world both comic and cinema. So I hope you enjoy everything here is exposed and we write to express their opinions, which are welcome as well be flowers or thorns.

Thanks.

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Astrology

is obvious that this world and the universe is being governed by different laws are subtle to the naked eye or detectable by analysis by humans, but that does not mean not exist and unless they act. Almost all people understand, almost daily, about the existence of a destination as a result of past and present activities. All actions are appropriate or inappropriate or omissions in activities to be performed by humans have a reaction to the short, medium and long term. The ignorance and lack of information makes people have to suffer the consequences of their activities outside the dharma or duty prescribed . No matter if you believe in destiny or not, the reality is he has to live a large majority of situations and experiences that are not under its control or in a small percentage. He did not choose either their parents or their brothers, or where he was born, and so many other things that have to live. Of course, some may be modified by the strength of action, short, medium or long term, but there are some that can not be changed, such as severe illness, psychological deficits, accidents, traumas. However, part of the living situations can be changed gradually but there must be a great force and intensity in the desire to change, acting properly to see a favorable outcome, otherwise, only be presented as a wish in life but there is nothing new in relation to that specific desire to be taken .
Astrology or Jyotish The influence of the planets on any being in this material existence, not only because the material there. And this study can be done based on the law of karma . Any act or omission is registered and gradually builds up the next life. The astrologer, or as they say in Sanskrit, Jyotishi , investigating aspects of the life of someone or something according to the position of the planets in the sky by the time it appeared. Analyzing these positions may know that awaits you in this life, and specializations can know he has done in past lives and to expect in the next while purifying activities do not.
For this reason, the Vedic astrologer not only tells what the client requested, but also education to improve their lives in all fields giving guidance on appropriate actions and inappropriate . The astrologer is a guide to the lives of people, and if you practice a spiritual discipline and is regulated, is best, because while this may actually help purify people. No one can be a guide if you do not have a guide. Here the importance of having a teacher who teach and correct. It is also important to have a connection with a bona fide spiritual master and receive a vital link. Calendar

Vaisnava festivals.

More information:

http://vrinda.vaisnava.hu/jyotish/

http://kaladev.blogspot.com /

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DO NOT TEACH BOYS TO BE LIKE GIRLS

[ADHD-Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a behavioral disorder that affects approximately 8-10% of school-age children. Boys are three times more likely to develop this condition than girls.

Those with ADHD act without thinking, are hyperactive and can barely concentrate because they have trouble sitting still, paying attention or be attentive to detail.

Of course, all children sometimes act this way, especially when they're anxious or excited. But the difference with those with ADHD is that in these cases the symptoms are present for long periods of time and place in various areas of their lives (home, school, group of friends, etc.).

Some studies have linked the disorder to excessive television viewing done very young. Others, increasingly associated with co-education-that is, the dysfunction that occurs in a significant percentage of students by the objective fact that boys and girls have different needs.

This is why sex education for boys and girls clearly defended in a report entitled 2020 Vision which was published in England in December 2006 (see # 365 this blog). The report supports the idea that secondary schools should teaching children separately if you want to improve their school performance and thus overcome the inferiority that are present in front of the girls.

This idea is reiterating again and again in several countries, especially so in England and the United States simply because many people-parents, teachers, politicians, journalists, experts in education, etc. are seriously .- concerned about academic failure, especially boys, and also by the increasing violence in both schools, and on the streets and in their homes.

If you want to really solve the problems of individuals and of society, not surface or just enough punitive measures, but must seek the causes of these problems and to apply effective remedies.

A recent sample button. A few weeks ago, Nicola Pearson published in The Times (July 8, 2008) an article entitled Do not teach boys like girls to Be . We reproduce below.]

# 441-Education Category

by Nicola Pearson

________________________

If you were an energetic nine-year-old boy who loved school, did your best but also loved charging about, trying to beat your friends at every game possible, imagine the hell of our currrent state school system where ball games are banned from the playground in case someone gets hurt, there is no outside play in bad weather and you are constantly in trouble for being too competitive because winning is not what it's about. And, worse, Jamie Oliver fruit smoothies have replaced sponge pudding in your school dinner, so you're starving by two o'clock.

Sue Palmer is a former head teacher, literacy adviser and the author of 21st Century Boys . She says it is a biological necessity that boys run about, take risks, swing off things and compete with each other to develop properly. “If they can't, a lot of them find it impossible to sit still, focus on a book or wield a pencil,” she says, “so their behaviour is considered ‘difficult', they get into trouble and tumble into a cycle of school failure.”

Boys are three times as likely as girls to need extra help with reading at primary school, and 75 per cent of children supposedly suffering from ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are male. “We are losing boys at a rate of knots, particularly in literacy,” Palmer says, “because at some point in the past 30 years, masculinity became an embarrassment.”

Research by Simon Baron-Cohen, a respected Cambridge professor, that began as an investigation into autism, puts a solid case for biological male/female differences in the brain, with boys tending to be “systematisers” and girls “empathisers”. This explains why boys generally are less keen on reading and comprehension, and lag behind girls in literacy. A lot of boys find it easier to explain the workings of a watch than to discuss how a character in a story is feeling. “But now,” says Palmer, “apart from the very bright ones, boys aren't even doing better at maths and science.”
Some people blame this nosedive, first noticed in the mid-Nineties, on the “feminisation” of education - too many women teachers, girl-friendly classroom environments and modular exam systems that suit girls' study skills but disadvantage risk-takers. “Geniuses are much more likely to be male,” Palmer says, “but if you don't tick the right boxes, you fail.”

There are seven times as many women primary school teachers as men, but Christine Skelton, Professor of Gender Equality in Education at Birmingham University, argues that there have always been far more female teachers than male. “Obviously there are some women who understand active boys, and some men who don't, just as there are energetic girls and inactive boys,” she says.

The current generation of teachers, though, were born and raised in an atmosphere dominated by women's liberation and “non-gender-specific” education that began in the Seventies. Barbies were banned, most protagonists in books were female and there was no tolerance of war or superhero play. As a head teacher, Palmer remembers making her reception teacher remove all the cloakroom pegs that depicted tractors for boys and bunnies for girls.

“The belief was that you were shaped by your environment, and it was the teacher's responsibility to ‘socialise' boys away from their natural inclinations and to encourage girls to study traditionally male subjects such as physics and technology,” she says.
Palmer would never deny that some of it was absolutely necessary - but with movements such as Reclaim the Night, Greenham Common and Gay Pride, groups that offered an alternative perspective to the traditionally dominant male view taking centre stage, masculinity became suspect. “I really think,” she says, “that the almighty cock-up of the sisterhood in the Seventies was that we believed we could turn boys into girls.”

Palmer says that most women are not natural risk-takers, so for teachers who have not helped to bring up brothers and who don't have sons, boys' behaviour can be frightening. “Play-fighting, for example, reaches a peak at age 7 or 8 but is not actually aggressive,” she says. “It's social - it's the way boys get to know each other and see how the other one ticks. A lot of women teachers are horrified when I suggest that they should let boys get on with fighting and shouting because eventually they'll come out the other side and start negotiating.”

Another problem for boys seeking adventure is that, because we live in an increasingly risk-averse society, children are rarely allowed to play unsupervised. When did you last see a group of boys climbing a tree?

“There is a rational fear of increased traffic but also an irrational fear of stranger danger, fanned by media reporting of child abduction,” says Palmer. “Parents are worried about being considered irresponsible, so they never let their children out of their sight.” And because we are not used to seeing boys playing outside, when we do it feels hostile even when what is going on is not particularly boisterous.

Dan Travis, a sports coach, argues that it is very important for boys to muck about on their own. “Coaching is formal and necessary but should only take up 20 per cent of the time they play,” he says. “The informal 80 per cent is where most of the learning and practising occurs - away from adult supervision.”

Travis is running a campaign to bring competition back to school sport. “The Sport for All ethos took hold in the Seventies and never let go,” he says. “Games are only about inclusion, with no winners allowed.” This is disastrous for boys, who need to compete to establish their place in the hierarchy, which is how they organise their friendships and something that they understand from nursery age onwards. It is also bad for sport. Palmer adds that “self-esteem” arrived from America and now no child is allowed to “lose” at anything.

Palmer is not suggesting that boys should be allowed to behave in any way they want. What we need, she says, is to celebrate what makes them boys and help them to understand the things that don't come naturally to them. That means getting them outside more, particularly as space gets squeezed in urban schools. “Not letting boys be boys is not only detrimental to them but also to girls, many of whom become overcompliant with what is considered ‘good' behaviour and could do with a shove outdoors to take more risks,” she says. “I certainly wish that had happened to me.”
Palmer is especially enthusiastic about the few “outdoor nurseries” that we have in this country, and about the Scandinavian system that puts off formal learning until the age of 7 or 8, concentrating instead on playing outside and the development of social skills.

In the ideal Palmer world, everyone would go to a Scandinavian-style school. What we are Doing Instead most Bringing in the Early Years Foundation Stage, a new government framework That Becomes law in September. That says it by the age of 5 children Should Be sentence writing, some of Which are punctuated. "That Would Be is impressive seven-year-old," says Palmer. "Rather than tackling Under the imbalance in the way That We Have boys treated for too long, we are going to make them learn and even Sit Still Young. I'd call That little short of state-sponsored child abuse. "

21st Century Will Be Boys published by Orion in early 2009

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ABORTION IN THE MEDIA PAGOLA

[he has just been published book Mujer y Realidad abortion. A multidisciplinary approach , which contains the proceedings of the First International Conference on Multidisciplinary Women and reality of abortion ", held in Cáceres in March 2007. The event was organized by the English Family Forum and the Association of Friends of that forum, with the help of the University of Extremadura.

now revert to abortion is very timely because we are in the socialist offensive. As is well known, the government is urgent and has committed to prepare before the end of the year the draft of the new law has a central idea: "There will be abortion on demand, without having to rely on course or qualification, to a number of weeks of pregnancy that can be between 12 and 16. "( El País, 11-VII-2008 ).

José Antonio Alonso , socialist spokesman, commented to the media about the recent Congress of the PSOE: "It feels a progressive direction." Background is that abortion bill.

Palpate or, for the English, to touch, to feel, is a completely regular verb: I felt, you feel, it feels ... Faced with such a warm word, Juan Manuel de Prada can not endure: "... if you become aware of a lot, go out with his hands painted with blood. Socialists advocate a 'reform avant-garde " the abortion law that "guarantees legal security of women who choose abortion" and its "right to decide." Since then, Hannibal Lecter would not have made a more refined euphemistic advocacy of cannibalism that we offer the Socialists on abortion. A cowardly abort without further impediment that setting an arbitrary deadline of gestation, they call it "reform avant-garde", to the impunity of the offender baptized "legal certainty", to call it a criminal offense, at the height of the cunning, 'right to decide. " It should, of course, a mug like Leatherface, the virtuoso of the electric saw The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, to corrupt language as crass and fierce. "( ABC, 7-VII-2008 )

this what is called progress? José Luis Requero , Member of the Supreme Judicial Council, said: "We should ask if the quintessence of progressivism is a mother to kill the unborn baby, and from this, what will be more progressive? Do it by decapitation, dismemberment or injection of saline? "( Reason, 28-I-2008)

Lighter can not be said and that's it. Not a question of right or left, but to respect the life of the child expected, or to kill him in a more or less sophisticated. The psychiatrist Luis Rodríguez Rojas, defined on the left, also speaks so throw yourself: "Let's face it, how is it possible that liberal-leaning groups that have done much good in our society to support values \u200b\u200bsuch as democracy, solidarity, pacifism, the fight against domestic violence, ecology, human rights or the abolition of the death penalty, then be able to not realize that abortion is one of the evils that cause more damage to women of our country? (...) This morning walking the Faculty of Medicine of our beloved University I read a poster that read: We are on the left not to abortion. I could never agree more with a statement. "( El Ideal de Granada, 2-II-2008)

In the media and the discussions seem to get more than the abortion of" abortion. " It does not hurt to recall the famous words of Julián Marías : "Sometimes you use an expression of refined hypocrisy to describe induced abortion: it says is the" interruption of pregnancy. " Supporters of the death penalty have resolved their difficulties. The gallows or the club can be called 'stopping breathing' and a couple of minutes is sufficient. When it causes abortion or hangs, you kill someone. And it is more hypocritical considering that there are differences depending on where the pass is the child who is, how far of weeks or months after birth will be surprised by death. (...) Is to act as Hamlet in Shakespeare's drama, which strikes Polonius with his sword when it is hidden behind the curtain. Some people do not dare to hurt the child more than when it is hidden, you'd think-protected in the womb. "

now publish the text of the paper entitled" The abortion in the media, which Alejandro Navas presented at the Congress of Cáceres to which we referred at the beginning of these lines. Navas

chosen newspaper El Pais , World , ABC, La Razón , La Vanguardia and El Periódico , to collect a sufficient climate of public opinion. And he analyzed what these newspapers have published about abortion in the three preceding years.]

# 440 Vita Category-Euthanasia Abortion and

by Alejandro Navas

_________________

ABORTION IN MEDIA COMMUNICATION

The theme of this paper is complex, for being the world media. We are facing a phenomenon of great breadth and diversity: media-newspapers and magazines, radio, television, Internet, telephone, local media, regional, national and international one-person companies and multinational groups that employ thousands of people, are also an almost unlimited variety of editorial principles, cultures and moods, both among the media and among people that make or manage. It is therefore inaccurate and even talk about the media distorting bloc, without qualification, as if it were a single social actor.

This motley crowd of media plays a variety of functions, which characterize classic so as to inform, entertain and persuade. It is also discussing whether to form their own task of the media, but I will not treat this issue now. The development and dissemination of content are not made in a vacuum but are influenced by non-communicative constraints, mainly economic and political. The media are businesses, arising from the initiative of people who risk their money and work to provide goods and services, with those waiting to amortize the investment and profit, or at least avoid losses. Not losing money is a prerequisite for the survival of any media. Making money is almost always a target is not negligible, it can sometimes become the main or even sole purpose of their activity.

Apart from the economic conditioning, it is easy for the communication task to be influenced by ideological or political approaches. Owners and editors and publishers have a more or less explicit the world, man and society, of what is desirable or objectionable, what benefits or harms to the community to which they are addressed. Often this approach leads to the media to embrace causes certain or even fully engage in partisan political struggle. The media is no longer devote time to tell you what happens, but aim to become the protagonists of direct social action, as if the role of mere chroniclers knew them a little. When they talk about themselves the media like to present themselves as the mirror of society: "We just reflect what happens," they say, but today we know that the mirror image is false. There is no mirror outside society capable objectively reflect what happens in it. The ideal of pure objectivity has long since been debunked as a myth that is still invoked by inertia, which does not mean it is impossible to be thorough and accurate reporting.

In view of what has been said, it is noted that many media should carry out delicate balance to reconcile the information with economic interests and political or ideological. If you look at the purely informative, we know that the news value of any communication is directly proportional to its improbability, it seems most unlikely entry has a greater capacity to arouse our attention. Predictability and customary, however, only raises interest. And it so happens, it can be tragic, that we have an extraordinary ability to get used even to the most terrible, as long as it is repeated often enough. This particular configuration of the human psyche has a decisive impact on the activity of the media, and determines the selection of content offered to their audiences, since it is clear that the overwhelming complexity of reality can not be copied over to the limited space told by the media. It is understood that normal, ordinary and predictable, will have little ability to attract public attention. There will therefore to look for the "man bites dog" is much more newsworthy than his opponent.

Media offer many aspects worthy of study, as is typical of any complex reality. And as the media largely defines the reality of the world, not surprising that the scientific disciplines that deal with communication experience tremendous growth in recent decades. A classic field of study in this context is the content analysis: it comes to analyzing the issues presented in the media, what can be done from a quantitative or qualitative. In the first case of measuring space dedicated to the issues, while the second is to focus attention on the way in presenting the issues, to the position taken by the media to address them. We have already seen that there is absolute neutrality. The decisions that determine the publication of any news that her location, the extent to be assigned, the owner and the intro, the possible accompanying chart, and all that without mentioning the text to be published or read before microphones and cameras, are charged opinion, evaluation on the relevance of the act and how to treat it. No wonder that the old distinction between the kinds of information and opinion is losing ground in both professional practice and in scientific thinking.

If we talk about abortion and the media, a first approximation would be to analyze what the media have said about this subject over a certain period. Consider all means would be an impossible task, what is usual in such cases is to choose a limited sample but representative enough, just as in the opinion polls or surveys are not interviewing the entire population but a sample that if well selected, faithfully represents the general feeling. In this case I decided to look for on the nationally syndicated newspapers. It is true that radio and television are mass media, which reach almost the entire population, but the consensus among experts in recognizing the influence of the press in the ideas and behavior of groups, but less massive, it is deeper than the audiovisual media. So I chose the newspapers El Pais, El Mundo, ABC, La Razón, La Vanguardia and El Periódico, to collect a sufficient climate of public opinion. There was no need to select a limited sample because the first thing to check is that the references to abortion are rare. In this way, I could analyze what these newspapers have published on our subject in the last three years. I will not bore you with the presentation of tables and figures, as would be usual in quantitative content analysis, and step by making some more qualitative in nature.

The first thing you notice is the irrelevance of this issue seems to be for the national press. Should be completed, however, that this behavior is not generalizable to all print media published in Spain. If you look at national publications but also dissemination of reduced circulation, there is also the group Intereconomía with magazines like Time or Alba, or La Gaceta de los Negocios. There are also a number of digital media with equal warmth embrace the cause of life and with good arguments to oppose the hegemonic culture of death: Zenit, Hispanic, New Woman, HazteOir, Forum Libertas, e-cristians, Provida Press, Arbil. Aceprensa agency collaboration combines both the paper and Internet. Sites also abound of institutions that work for life, from the Family Policy Institute to the Association of Victims of Abortion through the Life Foundation and blogs of people who echo these approaches. Although Spain is lagging behind the leading countries in the world for Internet penetration and usage, also here the network is increasingly serving to voice many people or institutions who do not feel adequately represented by traditional means hegemonic. The technology clearly works in favor of democratization, to give voice to marginalized many partners that otherwise would not find the possibility to contribute to these debates, or even open them when they have the ability to define the public agenda have ruled that certain issues should disappear from the agenda.

Go back to the national newspapers: the references to abortion are noteworthy for their scarcity. And often they have to do with what happened in other countries: recent legislative initiative and referendum in Portugal, legislative changes in Colombia or Mexico, debates in Nicaragua, Chile or Argentina, abortion and infanticide in China and India, episodes of passionate debate in the United States facing the pro-choice to pro life, the Pope's statements year of his magisterium, or the activities in Spain of special envoys from foreign media, as has happened in recent months with British and Danish journalists who revealed the shocking circumstances surrounding the "abortion paradise" that is become our country. Although they focused on the clinical activity of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bsimilar reports have been written or filmed in other cities English, of course. Of course there are news data provided by the Ministry of Health on abortions performed each year, may even deserve some editorial comment. Another source mentions are the actions of WHO's field of the health status of women in the world, particularly so in poor countries or developing, trying to make abortion one of the elements that integrate the so-called "reproductive health". In much of the world, "though no doubt in this respect Spain plays a leading role since coming to power of the government of Rodriguez Zapatero, will debate on key issues concerning the life and the human person: status of the embryo, assisted reproduction and cloning, sexuality and gender, marriage and family status of women, euthanasia. In this context there is often too marginal references to abortion. In the political sphere the news the United Left timid attempts to liberalize further the current abortion law, incorporating the social course. These proposals fail repeatedly in Parliament, also with governments of the PSOE, as unnecessary. As is known, the abusive application of the law in force effectively becomes a law without forcing deadlines too far as to establish a regime of abortion on demand.

A first remarkable aspect of abortion is undoubtedly the growing dimension of the phenomenon. Many abortions performed, and also their number is growing steadily year by year. It turns out that even his supporters worry. El Pais wrote on December 31, 2004: "There is a positive factor in the health report on the practice of abortion in Spain in 2003. The number continues to rise 79,788 compared to 77,000 the previous year, but for once there was a moderation in this trend. The abortion was performed in 2003 at 15.3% of pregnancies, compared to 15.6% in 2002. But, despite this inflection down, the number of abortions-an act always traumatic for women and should be decided freely and responsibly, is still very high. Is disproportionate 15.3% of pregnancies end in abortion. Reveals the gaps that hinder the sexual education in Spain, the failure of family planning policies and, in general, the lack of updated information on methods of preventing pregnancy and how to access them. Abortion can not become a routine method, but in the last resort to resolve an unwanted pregnancy. " I will not dwell on discourse analysis of that editorial, and not in the language used, both very revealing of the mentality represented by the culture of death that looks set to become political correctness. The text continues with a paragraph devoted to the morning-after pill, which of course does not refer to its possible abortifacient action: "Even the increasing use of morning-after pill 300,000 users in 2003 - and that seems to be the cause of the slowdown in the growth rate of abortion, may be related to inadequate sex education and the failure of planning policies. A complex hormonal emergency, such as the morning-after pill, can not become habitual. Is missing that law increasingly integral on sexual and reproductive health promised by the Government as a complement to the legislation on abortion and more decisive actions on sex education in school. "

After a year, little has changed. "The number of abortions in Spain has increased by 73% in 10 years," the chronicle called The Country on the report submitted by the Ministry of Health on abortion in 2004 (December 27, 2005, p. 22). The owner of the editorial of that day can not be more expressive: "It triggers the abortion" (p. 10). "Nearly 85,000 women seeking an abortion to terminate her pregnancy in 2004. The figure represents an increase of 73% compared to 1995 and reveals that English society has a public health problem that requires urgent correction. The data are disturbing ... We need to consider the resounding failure of policies to prevent teenage pregnancy given that three of every four pregnancies under 19 years voluntarily interrupt ... Finally, one might point out a cause that cuts across all groups and all ages: a tendency to underestimate the risks of certain sexual behaviors and some trivialization of the PCP and abortion as a solution, knowing that is an insult to the organism that is best avoided. " Like did the editorial of 2004, also here ends with a warning against the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases: "The increase in behaviors that involve the risk of unwanted pregnancy is very serious because it often involves while a risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. "

could comment on the language used widely and, above all, the merits of the argument, which would reveal any underlying anthropology. Behind the apparently conciliatory tone and concerned about public health positions found disturbing: it is well to note that the abortion caused involves an assault on the mother's body that can bring with harmful consequences, but where is the mention of the final and irreparable attack the fetus? I just let the issue targeted.

I referred to data for the years 2003 and 2004. In 2005 he again recorded a substantial increase in the number of abortions: 91,000, according to official estimates. In reality the figure should be higher, because apart from that clandestine abortions are still not covered by these statistics, it is not easy to estimate the impact should be allocated half a million pills a day then distributed among women, an amount similar to that of 2004. This time the country simply to give notice of the data, without editorial comment. The owner, how could it be otherwise, echoes of the increase: "The number of abortions totaled 91,600, a 7.8% increase in one year" (www.elpais.com, December 30, 2006 ), but the text is removed iron to that fact: "Despite this increase, rates remain among the lowest in the European Union and countries like the United States and Canada, where there are between 11 and 25 per 1,000, according to Health. " The comfort is not because they want to, we might add.

From 2000 to 2005 have been officially practiced in Spain, 463,000 abortions. The first reaction of our health authorities to this alarming development is to take every possible release of the data, a typical reaction of ostrich thinking that put your head in the hole and avoid facing the problem will get at least silence the debate.

Along with the pure physical scale of the phenomenon is necessary to emphasize their social invisibility. The most influential media devote little attention. And when, for example, pro-life groups are mobilizing to denounce the practice, does a sort of pact of silence that leads to more representative of the establishment media to avoid any mention of such activities. This clearly applies a double standard because statements or representations of minority groups and often extravagant, but swim with the tide of political correctness can be assured of coverage even disproportionately by those same means, which thus become speaker of the strangest claims. As is evident, anything that helps to propagate the dominant versions of gender ideology on the rise: homosexuality, transsexuality, bisexuality, along with other approaches and more veterans: feminism, pacifism, environmentalism, that can be combined with multiple variants. The same CIS surveys that record the absence of abortion among the issues that concern English tell us that homosexuality is not a relevant issue for people, it does not prevent that in recent years has become ubiquitous in the media: simply look out any debate television show, late show or reality show, fiction series current national or social gathering in order to raise the issue, with a downright belligerent tone most of the time. The same happens in the so-called gossip and to a lesser extent, in the daily press. Has never been a divorce between what most worries the audience and what they offer media but investigate the reasons for this phenomenon, we deviate from our theme.

When scientists, politicians, journalists and intellectuals in general talk about the problems of our society, almost never mentioned abortion. It is as if there were. How can you think off each year more than one hundred thousand lives in the womb is something minor? Can we admit that something like this happens without a trace, in mothers and their families, the medical profession that lends itself to this criminal practice, in men who so often leave to pregnant or pushing abortion, in political and health authorities to manage this "health benefit" in doing business with it? The victims of terrorism, domestic violence or traffic accidents make us react, how could it be less, and result in relevant discussions aimed at identifying risk factors and appropriate solutions, both in the field of prevention and the penalty. For fetuses no consideration whatsoever, both literally and figuratively in the term. The contempt for human life that beats in this lack of scruples can not go unpunished and there is an invoice: psychiatric consultations are filled with women suffering from post-abortion syndrome, since one can not fool mother nature and know well with their hands stained with blood, and in the social field is established a kind of brutality that is helping to fuel the tension that pervades the most public forums, from the parliamentary tribune to radio talk. Violence is a kind of baseline, which is a heavy burden to our society. Next to street violence is a simple story.

The abortion is not just invisible, it is impolite to talk about it. This peculiar situation contradicts the general trend of our information society, where transparency is a supreme principle that should permeate the whole public, and not only as regards politics. Who is considered to subtract something to the public debate is guilty eo ipso, something will have to hide when you try to hide from the gaze of others. Public opinion and the media at their service, are considered entitled to know everything. This trend lies a deeper wisdom, vital for healthy democracy, as power always tends to the occult, it is desirable to promote the publicity of the debates. And who avoids publicly account for their activity seems to have no good arguments to defend his position or, worse still, not fair play and having something to hide. Corruption has always accompanied the political and economic activity, but his remedy is never in secrecy. It is questionable whether this trend in our society also includes the private lives of actors, which feeds the voyeur, which can not be understood, of course, without the consideration of the exhibitionism of many of these actors, who seem to live by and for foci. The cameras do not stop it look more rugged history. We must provide increasingly strong emotions to an audience that otherwise runs the risk of getting used to, bored ... and change the channel, a tragedy to be avoided at any cost.

In this context peculiar to our society draws attention to the occult that surrounds the practice of abortion. Woe to him who dares to offer the public images of an abortion or the remains of an aborted fetus! Be disqualified as a fascist or fundamentalist. We know everything about everyone, without accepting limits on the most intimate and private areas, and the tackiness and vulgarity of many information products get stronger sentences cause critics more tolerant and less dogmatic, but everything that surrounds the practice of abortion can not speak. Who dares to do so will be disqualified as a terrorist threat to social peace (even if the peace of the graveyard). The guilty conscience we must assume behind this pact should not mention make us think, but it seems that the intellectual function is also banned, and very few have the courage or the necessary independence of opinion to undermine these taboos.

The activity of the media and the public that contribute to form not a cloak or blanket to be thrown on society from outside, but come from the dynamism of this society, which constitutes both the content their posts as the party you are going. What does this peculiar climate of opinion generated on abortion on our society?

is true that there have always been abortions, Hippocrates did not speak for talk, but the current situation is unique and novel in more ways than one. On the one hand, is the massive nature of abortion practice, which seems logically correspond to social and mass industrial civilization. The scientific and technological advances, which allow to separate sexuality and reproduction, make feasible the universalization of abortion, so we have a particular type of genocide, to put a buzzword. Here there is a particular racial, religious or social determinant of the death of the unborn, but they are not accepted by the living, parents and public authorities more specifically.

other hand it is also innovative decriminalization, which in practice is equivalent to legalization "of abortion. Modern man has achieved in many ways an unprecedented degree of civilization. An extremely sensitive and tuned conscience will not allow to act outside the law-the rule of law is one of its achievements and reputation, much less engage in the despicable hypocrisy. The most expeditious way to conduct agreements and principles is no doubt bring the latter to the former. You could blame then, if it is true that we have banished the hypocrisy for the sake of authenticity, we now have the cynicism, as highlighted Robert Spaemann. To quell such criticism, which come from a moral tax even an outmoded and retrograde, it goes a step further and presented the achievements abortion as a real victory for freedom, as a breakthrough in the ethical development of human beings as an essential element of so-called social rights. This approach is reflected, for example, the owner of the extensive report published by El Mundo (January 9, 2007, pp. 28 and 29): "The abortion in the world: crime or social goal?". The newspaper seems to be objective in the treatment of an issue, as that version of objectivity so widespread that it would give room the two conflicting positions on the issue in question, but the owners of the various reviews that make the story are well reveal the position of the newspaper: "The excesses of the pro-life crusade. In the U.S. there have been attacks on clinics, medical death threats and murder "or" A Polish woman lost her sight after being forced to give birth. " The same is true of some of the intros: "The abortions performed in unsafe practices kill 70,000 women a year."

Significantly, for example, that the party abortion in Anglo-Saxon world denomine pro choice. Late aquí una forma de entender la libertad característica de nuestra cultura moderna: libertad como emancipación, como liberación de todo tipo de tabúes, ataduras y prejuicios. En la práctica, significa entonces ampliar al máximo el número de opciones sin excluir ninguna. Tampoco el asesinato en el caso del aborto. Todo lo que se opone a mi libertad o a mi capricho puede ser destruido. No hay nada que merezca un respeto incondicionado, pues ya no hay valores absolutos (más que en la mente de los fundamentalistas).

De esta forma, el aborto queda “normalizado”. Su presencia universal, su homologación ética y legal, y la capacidad que tiene el hombre to get used to the most unusual of course to be repeated with the frequency required, make letter soon acquire full citizenship in our society. Moreover, as demonstrated by the psychology, behavior that is repeated until it becomes habitual and does not need a particular justification. The murder may thus become a routine trivialized, it is the banality of evil that Hannah Arendt saw in action the likes of Adolf Eichmann.

But this "normality", apparently a sign of civilization and maturity, it manages to hide from all the terrible brutality of the facts. The treacherous settlement of so many millions of innocent defenseless reflects a disturbing brutalization of modern man. It seems that, despite the sophistication of our legal systems, we have actually become the law of the strongest. As we warned at the time the German Socialist deputy Adolf Arndt, the legalization of abortion is tantamount to the surrender of the rule of law, which consisted precisely in the voluntary submission of the strongest to the rule of law. Of course it is accepted, making it much to admit, that between mother and fetus is given an insurmountable conflict of interest, no less terrible than the resolution passed by the law is precisely the death of the weaker party, the fetus , just the hands of those whose care is delivered. The womb, safe and welcoming place par excellence, becomes a death trap, the black dot the road of life, also located in the very beginning, which has the highest mortality. Here there is no point system to help reduce mortality. No wonder that, once established in the case of abortion, the principle of "solution" also applies to euthanasia. If we consider that the elderly and infirm are upset and excessive work, and attention conflicts with other interests or preferences of their caregivers, end with them is the most effective way to solve this vexing situation.

seems clear that if no action is taken special social life whenever it imposes the strongest, it will use its discretion arbitrarily. So in the West we can be proud by reason of having exceeded the original state of things and gotten set in place appropriate procedures to resolve certain guarantees of impartiality with the inevitable conflicts that arise among men. And yet, despite the consolidated our achievements, must be monitored continuously to prevent the strong trample the weak. In the economic sphere, for example, this concern is manifested in the existence of antitrust laws. Avoid the most powerful, having done away with small, dominate markets and impose their law. The public debate of the democratic regime itself ensures that all voices are heard and also the legitimate interests of minorities are taken into account. It is regrettable, but the unborn have obvious difficulties in articulating their specific demands, no doubt, would condense into one: respect for their right to live.

The modern can be cynical, but it is also rational and systematic. And feel at heart, as every man, a strong call to consistency. Is in our finite and limited condition that has an inevitable gap between words and actions, but do not support live in flagrant contradiction. Therefore, it imposes the task of making up the principles for which contrast with the behavior not be hurtful. Here intervenes effectively the art of distinction.

In the area of \u200b\u200bethics and anthropology distinguishes between "man" and "person" with a foundation that goes back to Locke. According to this thesis, not all men would be people-that are worthy of respect. Personal status is dependent on the actual presence of certain attributes: memory, self-awareness, ability to reason and to express and defend interests. Those who can not show those requirements would not creditors to respect that people usually pay taxes and could be ignored, or, in the limit removed. It is clear that this concept of person leaves out many people, not just the terminally ill: babies, sleeping, mentally weak, and so on.

On a more strictly biological wealth are other distinctions. For example, which contrasts pre-embryo and embryo. Only the latter deserve respect and protection, while the former would be available for research or therapy (upon liquidation, of course). In turn, it also speaks of two types of embryo: the one in the specimen and the stay in the womb. Only the latter would be the rights holder. Similarly, a distinction between potential life and actual life. Since there is an interest merely arbitrary use of the potential. Others speak of human beings and human life, as distinct realities. Humans, specific individual deserves respect, but not human life (it is understood that the embryo is enclosed in this second category.) So correlative, the difference between human dignity and the dignity of human life. It seems that this is an exercise in spin ", but the intention is clear: the dignity of human life which does not correspond to a specific individual, let your subject in the hands of any manipulator.

The use of the distinction also occurred in the legal field. The key concept here is the "decriminalization." Granted, certain conduct, that the Western tradition has always condemned, should remain a crime. It is not always possible, nor desirable from the strategic standpoint, it would require too much time and effort, so radical change in attitudes of the people and legislators and judges. Just open the door, if only a small slit, some exceptions: these practices are still considered criminal, that is, we keep our values, "but fail to punish in specific and exceptional circumstances. The case of extreme necessity was already covered in the traditional legal systems, so you do not need to invent anything new. Decriminalization thus becomes the first step of the way, sometimes surprisingly short, leading to legalization. Do not forget that the criminal code is a very appropriate reflection of the moral conscience of society. The process is well known and is repeated again and again, horrified rejection, rejection without horror start to get used to this new reality, "recognizing the importance of the issue, which deserves to be studied thoroughly," accepted for some exceptional cases rigorously determined, widespread in fact decriminalization, legalization, peaceful acceptance. Keep in mind also the educational nature of the law, so that in societies as legalistic as ours it is legitimated as good legalized soon.

The massive diffusion of abortion has radically changed the conditions of admission of men in society. So far, this was a natural process, ie, spontaneous. Once the sexual union had paid off, a new human being coming to the world if nothing stops her. Now things have changed. Birth is no longer spontaneous, but has become the subject of an express decision by the living, the children of today planned as a project of common life of their parents. Western societies seem increasingly to these select and exclusive clubs where new members enter through cooptation.

Robert has also been Spaemann who has shown extraordinary what this new situation. Who is the man to decide on the existence of other men? Our decision-making is clearly exceeded. At first, the decision affected the very existence or not, but now began to spread also to the kind of existence. Advances in genetic engineering will enable will soon determine the characteristics of the children. Reproduction incorporates human well the latest trends in industrial production, customers can define the product features or benefits that are acquired, and the assembly combined with mass production efficiency with the identification of products. This mention of the industry is not entirely inappropriate because, although now I can not dwell on his account, while abortion and reproductive technology are a booming business worth many millions. Almost no area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity is losing the primacy of the economy, and when there is big money at stake, the moral or legal barriers tend to fall with amazing ease. This is another feature of society modern, the primacy of economic rationality.

The debate over abortion, that passion to the public at the time, has largely died down (with the exception perhaps of the United States.) The explanation is simple: the abortion, although in practice have been imposed, has run out of arguments. Recent developments in genetics, embryology and technology have solved at a stroke the burning issues discussed with the late sixties. "The former minister who introduced the French abortion change their minds," press reports while writing these pages. In a report issued on June 14 by France 2-specifically on abortions in the eighth month of pregnancy carried out in Spain, Simone Veil has the bravery to acknowledge: "Increasingly, scientific evidence from conception is a living being." Today it makes no sense for pro-abortion women take to the streets with a banner read. "My body is mine." It is clear that the embryo is a kind of cyst or pimple on the body of his mother. Clearly recognizes the headline of the article published in El Pais (December 31, 2006, p. 47): "The new weapon against abortion called a sonogram. U.S. anti-abortion clinics set up 'trap' with disruption centers pregnancy to dissuade their patients. " So compensates strive to consolidate a culture of respect for life, what will be done both in science and in public opinion and social action. Initiatives like this conference, with its multidisciplinary approach, we are leading the way in the right direction.

Client Information Sheet Salon

[The Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith the English Episcopal Conference (CEE), with the permission of the Standing Committee at its meeting CCIX (Madrid, June 18 2008), has released yesterday a "note of clarification" the book "Jesus. Historical Approach "by José Antonio Pagola .

According to the note of the EEC, Pagola "seems to imply that, to show the story should leave out faith as a result making a story that is incompatible with faith." Disregard the faith "is a wrong bias also held by many Catholic exegetes who say" but the key question is-always according to the note by the Episcopal Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith "in reconstructing a story from a arbitrary use of the Gospels, which is incompatible with faith. "

The note states that from the methodological point of view the book has three main weaknesses: the " rupture between faith and history", the "mistrust of the historicity of the Gospels" and " reading the life of Jesus from one end, twisting budgets."

doctrinal deficiencies listed are six and consist of " presentation of Jesus as a mere prophet," the "denial of divine filial " the " denial of redemptive meaning given by Jesus to his death ", the" darkening of the reality of sin and the sense of forgiveness, the " denial of Jesus' intention to found the Church as a hierarchical community "and " confusion about the historical, real and transcendent of the resurrection of Jesus. "

If the matter is sufficiently serious and delicate in itself, there something that is more complicated. In Basque The Journal of June 19 ie the day after the EC decision to publish this "disclaimer" for the general knowledge of the Catholic faithful, "one could read the letter that the Bishop of Guipuzcoa, Bishop Uriarte, wrote to his diocese. reproduce below the full text of this letter as published Basque El Diario (in addition to this newspaper, the letter was also published in New Life , Digital and Religion other media):


"Dear Diocesan Gipuzkoa:

1. The work of José Antonio Pagola, Jesus. Historical approach has had an unusual echo. I had direct access to many testimonies of believers, away and unbelievers who, through reading, respectively found in it a call to follow, boost conversion and interest in the person and message of Jesus. I know also that many believers and pastors has a perplexity that has been troubling her faith and a critique inspired by the concern to maintain the identity clearly and the integrity of Catholic teaching about Jesus' true God and true man. "
2. As diocesan bishop of the author and in tune with our bodies Episcopal Conference, I have sought advice of competent people and church. José Antonio Pagola has made, in light, a reading of his work and the text offers a new chapter clarifies the nature of his book and the scope and limits of a historical approach to Jesus. Click the last chapter to state more clearly the link between the story of Jesus and the development of the Catholic faith of the Church and introduced into the body of the book several modifications to dispel interpretations that could lead some passages of the first version. Both he and I are grateful to these criticisms that have contributed to that, far from distorting the text first, the author was able to improve significantly.
3. With true desire to contribute to a more appropriate presentation of Jesus and the good of the whole Christian community, the author has contrasted all his work with two experts, appointed in dialogue with the President of the Conference and full confidence of the Church. Both have recorded their conviction that in the text are not renewed any express or implied claim that violates the core of the professed faith in Christ as normative and binding by the Catholic Church. This is also the conviction of a bishop theologian who has thoroughly examined the work. The Censor to whom, in the exercise of my responsibility, I asked the opinion on the new text says "with full certainty and knowledge of the facts that it can not find any statement that deviates from the faith and customs of the Church."
4. Supported authorized these testimonies and assuming responsibility for my diocesan bishop of the author, I decided, before God and conscience, make mine the Nihil Obstat of the Censor and grant the Imprimatur renewed episcopal the text. Must appear in subsequent editions. I hope thereby to contribute to the integrity of the Catholic faith, the good of the ecclesial community and the exquisite consideration that, for many reasons, it's person of the author.
5. Like any human endeavor, the new text is also improved and open to critical discussion of some aspects that do not touch the core of the faith. According to church law, the Nihil Obstat not prejudge these issues, even in principle is a recommendation of the book, but simply provides assurance that the text does not affirm anything contrary to faith and customs.
6. is hoped that the exchange between theologians and exegetes will offering to the Christian community and those who do not belong to it are interested in Jesus, new contributions to help us more deeply confess as the Son of God made man and follow him more fully as our only Master and Lord. "

So far the letter of the Bishop.

publish below the full text of the note the EEC.

Qui potest capere, Capiata ... ]

# 439 Several Category-Miscellaneous: Ethics and Anthropology

Note the Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith of the EEC

__________________________

Note of clarification on the book of
José Antonio Pagola,
Jesus. Historical approach

PRESENTATION 1. In October 2007 he published the first edition of the work of the Reverend. D. José Antonio Pagola, Jesus. Historical approach, PPC, Madrid 2007, 544pp. In just six months met eight editions, with tens of thousands of copies sold. In increasing development has accompanied a reaction of concern among many readers confused by statements and conclusions are not always compatible with the image of Jesus in the Gospels, and has been faithfully guarded and transmitted by the Church from apostolic times to the present days. The confusion caused by such forward this letter is necessary for clarification.

2. This Note does not intend to judge the subjective intentions of the author, let alone his priestly career. The review of the book the author has agreed to undertake not exclude the clarification of the reasons that have made necessary. In this way we respond to our obligation to help the thousands of readers of the first version to be a trial of it in accordance with Catholic doctrine. This clarification will focus on methodological issues and doctrinal [01].

3. From the methodological point of view, there are three main shortcomings of the work Jesus. Historical approach: a) the break that, in fact, established between faith and history, b) the distrust of the historicity of the Gospels, and c) reading the story of Jesus from budgets that have just twisted. Doctrinal deficiencies can be summarized in six: a) reductionist presentation of Jesus as a mere prophet, b) denial of his filial consciousness of God; c) denial of the redemptive meaning given by Jesus to his death, d) obscuring the reality of sin and the sense of forgiveness; e) denial of Jesus' intention to found the church as hierarchical community, and, f) confusion about the historical, real and transcendent of the resurrection of Jesus.

1. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

a) rupture between faith and historical research

4. The New Testament writings are indeed documents of faith, but "not [so] are less worthy of consideration, in all its stories, and historical evidence" [02]. The sacred authors are not limited to write down their subjective experiences about Jesus, nor have recreated in the light of Easter a different picture of that happened in history. The truth of the Gospel story is based both on the Holy Spirit's assistance (inspiration) and the historical record straight: What we have seen and heard we proclaim (1 Jn 1, 3). Therefore the Church has never ceased to trust the historicity of the gospel accounts: "The Holy Mother Church has firmly and constantly believed and believes that the above four Gospels, whose historicity she unhesitatingly affirms, faithfully hand on what Jesus the Son of God , living among men, really did and taught for their eternal salvation until the day he was lifted to heaven "[03]. The historicity of Gospel witness is not altered because it was made to "that fuller understanding [04] born of Easter, because the sacred writers, even leaving his own mark," always the honest truth about Jesus "[05].

5. In the work at hand:

- uncritically assume a break between historical research on Jesus and faith in Him, including the so-called "historical Jesus" and "Christ of faith," giving the impression that faith lacks a solid historical foundation. Now, if the faith of the Church is founded in history, then Christianity ideology derives [06];

- seemed to suggest that to rebuild the historical figure of Jesus has to do without faith, or because the Christian reading of history is just one more among other possible or because they think that faith leads to a distortion of history [07].

6. It is also surprising to see how in this work are cited with equal authority canonical and apocryphal writings (cf. eg. Pp. 92-95). The inevitable result is confusion about the historical value of the sources used and the uncritical assumption of liberal bias which considers the faith and its formulation (dogma) as an adulteration of the true historical fact. We can not forget that the setting of Canon aimed at guarding the authentic witness of Jesus preserved from further interpretations adulterated. Apostolic Faith did not invent the story of Jesus, but the guarded, making it the guarantee of its authenticity. The criterion for discerning, preserve and transmit the authenticity of what was witnessed their conformity with the preaching of the apostles. So, who dispenses with the apostolic faith is close to a real historical approach to Jesus.

b) Distrust of the historicity of the Gospels

7. They are also frequent references to the book's historical non thousands of evangelical scenes (cf. eg pp. 39, n.2, 206, 215, n. 12, 336-337, 349, n. 42 , 363-364, 368, 377, 379, 429, 432) or the difficulty to determine if they describe actual events or inventions of the evangelists (cf. pp. 372-373). You could say that for the author, the distrust of the data of the Gospels is a condition for proceeding with rigorous historical research. This distrust is a consequence of the break is between Jesus himself (his life and education) and the assurance that their fans gave him (cf. p. 118, n. 9).

c) approach to the history from ideological assumptions

8. The historical reconstruction by the author alternates historical data supposedly inspired literary recreations Current thinking [08], taking also the proper analysis of the class struggle to describe family, social, economic, political and religious. The purpose of this description is to place the activity of Jesus and his preaching of the kingdom in a field preferably horizon [09]. Thus, the selective use of studies used in writing the book belongs equally selective use of sources. The Gospel narratives are later adaptations when refute the thesis itself, are historical when they agree with it.

2. DOCTRINAL ISSUES

9. The aim of the book Jesus. Approximation is closer to the historical figure of Jesus from a historical perspective. The author wish to answer the question "Who was Jesus?" (P. 5), to "know who is the source of my Christian faith" (p. 5).

a) Who is Jesus of Nazareth?

10. For the author, the Jesus actually happened in history is, above all, a prophet. Chapters 3 ("Search for God") and 11 ("true believer") are very illuminating. Certainly, the book begins by stating that "Jesus is the incarnation of God," the "man in whom God became incarnate" (p. 7). These statements also appear to explain what the followers of Jesus, raised, preaching about Jesus. But it should be noted that the author all these ways of speaking of Jesus belong to the disciples, who, after Easter, sought the name of Jesus going, sometimes, to Jewish tradition, and others, this terminology in the pagan world [10].

b) filial consciousness of Jesus of Nazareth

11. As important as determining the historical authenticity of the testimony is whether the Jesus of the profession of faith, made under the action of the Holy Spirit, is under the claim of Jesus who lived in a particular historical moment. If Jesus is not presented himself as God and Son of God, and claimed for himself the faith that called for the Father, the subsequent confession of faith of the apostles was only an exaggerated interpretation and, as such, deforming of his master, made from a Passover no longer knows what it is. The awareness that Jesus had of himself and his mission is inseparable from the historical truth contained in the profession of faith. Without the historical truth, the profession of faith becomes a myth. Well, the author writes in this regard: "At no time did [Jesus] says any claim to be God ... Nor is convicted of his claim to be the "Messiah" expected ... apparently, Jesus never spoke openly about his person "(p. 379). This statement contradicts the historical information contained in the Gospel witness, kept and transmitted by the Apostolic Church. Jesus indeed is God, God knows it and talks constantly about it [11].

12. For the author, that Jesus is the Son of God is an affirmation "of a religious character" (p. 303) that is not rooted in the Jesus of history. The answer to the question "Who is Jesus?" "Can only be personal" (p. 463). Jesus presented primarily as a prophet, not strange silence about his virginal conception, the claim about the "brothers" of Jesus in real and proper sense (cf. p. 43, n.11), the denial of his filial and messianic The purely natural explanation of miracles (healings and exorcisms), or emptying saving language content on the death and resurrection.

c) The redemptive value of Jesus' death

13. The author argues that the fundamental commitment of Jesus would have been "awaken faith in the nearness of God to fight against suffering" (p. 175). The main feature of God shown by Jesus was compassion. Although widely spoken of this feature, the book's compassion is nothing more than a noble sentiment towards the most disadvantaged, but it is not, strictly speaking, a condition with them and for them, for and in their place. And, for the author, Jesus gave his life or his death or sacrificial and redemptive meaning (cf. pp. 350-351). If Jesus gave his life and his death a sense of redemption, then the compassion is emptied of its original content [12].

14. In the same vein, the Last Supper is presented as a solemn farewell dinner with symbolic gestures, which aims to reminded his followers in the future. With the bread and the wine made prophetic gestures, "shared by all", making "this farewell dinner at a great sacramental action, the most important of his life, the one that best sums up his service to the kingdom of God ... Wants to remain attached to him and feed him hope. Always remember it delivered to your service "(p. 367). The words Do this in remembrance of me (1 Cor 11, 24, Luke 22, 21) 'do not belong to the older tradition. Probably come from later Christian liturgy, but certainly that was the desire of Jesus "(p. 367, n. 85) [13]. Dinner is for his followers to always remember Jesus. "Repeating that dinner can feed on his memory and his presence" (p. 367).

d) The release of sin and redemption

15. Reductionist conception of the redemptive work of Jesus Christ is found also in the silence about the reality of sin. The reason for this silence is the contrast made between John the Baptist and Jesus: the first mission "is designed and organized according to the sin ... By contrast, the primary concern of Jesus is the suffering of the most unfortunate "(p. 174). This explains that the author, Satan is a symbol of evil (p. 98), "the personification of the hostile world that works against God and man" (p. 98). For the author, speaking of "Satan" is a myth to symbolize all forms of evil [14].

16. It is also clear how the author understands forgiveness. "These sinners who sit at his table, Jesus offers forgiveness wrapped in friendly welcome. There is no statement, does not absolve them of their sins, simply takes them as friends "(p. 205). The conversion is irrelevant (because "forgiveness is free") and "statements" of forgiveness of sins by Jesus, are not considered real, because in these ways "God appears as a" judge "(p. 206), and that's not what Jesus reveals to his" forgiveness "host." Jesus would have practiced a "pardon" welcome ", but not a" pardon, absolution. " However much you talk host in the end the author comes closest to a "host imposed, which makes irrelevant the free response of man [15].

e) Jesus and the Church

17. According to the author, Jesus had no intention of creating an organized and hierarchical, but wanted to launch a movement of men and women coming out of people and attached to it, "to help others to make saving consciousness of the nearness of God "(p. 269). Jesus sees all of his followers as a family (cf. p. 290). Nobody in your group will exercise a dominant power. There is also no hierarchical differences between men and women (cf. pp. 291-292) [16].

f) The resurrection of Jesus

18. Introducing the resurrection of Jesus, the author, but says that is a real historical event and interprets this historicity in a way that is inconsistent with the teaching of the Church, as understood as something that happens in the hearts of the disciples [17]. Nor is it consistent with the faith of the Church, his way of understanding the resurrection the body of Jesus and his explanation of the continuity between the body crucified and died, and resurrected (cf. p. 433). While asserting that the resurrection is something that happens to Jesus, they deny the reference to his real body and explains how the disciples' belief that "God has filled with life," without explaining what you mean [18].

3. CONCLUSION

19. Bearing in mind what is being said, we can say that the author seems to suggest indirectly that some key proposals of Catholic doctrine have no historical foundation in Jesus. This approach is harmful, it just de-legitimizing the Church teaching lacking, according to the Author-real rooting in Jesus and in history. The book is not to deny that teaching but, in fact, shown unfounded.

20. At the root of the issues identified are two assumptions that affect negatively the work: the break between historical research of Jesus and faith in Him, and interpretation of Sacred Scripture outside the Church's living Tradition. The author seems to imply that, to show the story should leave out faith as a result making a story that is incompatible with faith. The problem is not just to think that faith should not ignore to know who Jesus was historically (this is a wrong bias also held by many Catholic exegetes say that) [19], but above all because the book is intended as a "historical approach" - to reconstruct a story from arbitrary use of the Gospels, which is incompatible with faith. If the "historical Jesus" that shows the author is incompatible with the Jesus of the Church, not because it has invented, with the passage of time, a different Jesus happened, but because the "story" is proposed distorted history, although that certainly is not their intention. The author served in this work investigations are mostly out of tradition, both for its methodological assumptions (assumed uncritically), for its conclusions. The results you get are the logical derivation of its starting point [20].

21. The rapid dissemination of the work Jesus. Historical approach shows that, with areas of weakness identified, has other positives that make pleasant reading. In a historical presentation on the figure of Jesus is desirable to harmonize the scientific rigor with the plain language and communication. However, when the appearance of methodological rigor and doctrinal deficiencies hidden, literary fluency cause confusion and cast doubt. The purpose of this letter is simply to clear the confusion and doubts, and reiterate the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, as now, Jesus Christ is the same and always will be. Do not let yourselves be seduced by various and strange doctrines. Best is to strengthen the heart with the grace that nothing took food to those who followed this path (13: 8-9).


Note by the Episcopal Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith published with the permission of the Permanent Commission of the English Episcopal Conference in CCIX meeting (Madrid, June 18, 2008)


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Notes:

[01] In the document Christ present in the Church, the Episcopal Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith [= CEDF] (20/02/1992), already identified many of the deficiencies found in the book of the Reverend. JA Pagola, Jesus. Historical approach. The secularizing effect of these deficiencies have been turning for the English Bishops Pastoral Theology in Instruction and secularization in Spain. At forty years after the conclusion of Vatican II (3/30/2006), 22-35.

[02] CEDF, Christ present in the Church (2/20/1992), 5.

[03] Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum [= DV], 19.

[04] DV 19.

[05] DV 19.

[06] "It is contrary to the Christian faith make any separation between the Word and Jesus Christ. St. John clearly states that the Word, who "was in the beginning with God" is the very one who "became flesh" (Jn 1, 2.14). Jesus is the Incarnate Word, a single and indivisible person can not separate Jesus from Christ or speak of a "Jesus of history" who would differ from the "Christ of faith. " The Church acknowledges and confesses Jesus as "the Christ, the Son of the living God" (Mt 16, 16). But Christ is not Jesus of Nazareth, and he is the Word of God made man for the salvation of all ": John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptoris missio (12/07/1990), 6.

[07] is important to remember what was stated by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith about some writings of E. Schillebeeckx, "the theologian, when engaged in an exegetical or historical research can not claim honestly that has to abandon the faith claims of the Catholic Church: Letter to PE Schillebeeckx (11/20/1980) Note Annex I, A, 1 (ed. E. Vadillo, 43, 24 [= Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Documents 1966-2007, ed. Vadillo E. Romero, BAC, Madrid 2008, 227]).

[08] For example, in describing the family in the child Jesus grew up, the author speaks of the consideration that children deserve the time and common education they received: "For the eight years, boys were introduced with little preparation in the authoritarian world of men, where they were taught to assert their masculinity by cultivating the courage, sexual assault and sagacity "(p. 45). The author goes on to say that In Jesus' time the children are educated to practice "sexual aggression", but does not indicate the sources that lead to such consideration.

[09] The society of the time of Jesus is described with expressions such as: inequality "among the vast majority of rural population and the small elite who lived in the cities" (p. 23), strong tax pressure, the obligation of peasants to the elite (cf. p. 24), taxes to pay "the high costs of operating the temple and to maintain the priestly aristocracy of Jerusalem" (p. 25), courts " rarely supported peasants "(p. 29), etc. On this picture the preaching of the kingdom appears, from a horizontal perspective, as a liberation from social oppression, "the activity of Jesus in the villages of Galilee and his message of" kingdom of God "represented a strong critique of this state of things "(p. 30), the beginning of Jesus' public activity is justified by its desire to preach to the poor people that" God comes and to free its people so much suffering and oppression "(p. 83) , "entire villages living under the oppression of the urban elites, suffering the scorn and humiliation" (p. 103), the kingdom of God is "in establishing of a society freed from all affliction "(p. 175);" luxurious buildings in the cities, poverty in the villages, wealth and ostentation in the urban elites, debt and hunger among rural people, the progressive enrichment of large landowners, loss of land to poor peasants "(p. 181). Matters to note that the author, speaking of suffering and oppression, does not refer to sin and the dominion of the Evil (give then what the author meant by Satan [symbol of evil: cf. P. 98], or what are the exorcisms and forgiveness of sins), but the injustice and oppressive power of the powerful of this world, for example, King Herod, whose kingdom is "built on force and oppression of the weak" (p. 179). The entire seventh chapter ("Defender of the past") clearly reflects this trend.

[10] "will soon be circulated by the Christian communities various titles and names taken from the Jewish cultural world or most Hellenized areas": p. 450.

[11] Though not a magisterial document of the International Theological Commission, the consciousness that Jesus had of himself and his mission (1985), made precisely the teaching of the Church as appears in the Gospels: "The life of Jesus testifies to the awareness of his filial relationship to the Father. His behavior and words, which are the "server" perfect, implies an authority that exceeds that of the ancient prophets and that is only for God. Jesus took this unique authority of its unique relationship to God, whom he calls "my Father." He was conscious of being the only Son of God and in this sense, if he himself, God 'International Theological Commission, the consciousness that Jesus had of himself and of his mission (1985), Proposition 1 ª (ed. C . Well, BAC, 587, 382).

[12] also on this point, the document of the International Theological Commission, the consciousness that Jesus had of himself and his mission (1985), makes it the teaching of the Church: "Jesus knew the end of his mission: to proclaim the Kingdom of God and doing this in his person, his deeds and words, so that the world is reconciled with God and renewed. Has freely accepted the will of the Father, give his life for the salvation of all men, he knew sent by the Father to serve and to give his life "the crowd" (Mk 14, 24) 'International Theological Commission, The Jesus was aware of himself and his mission (1985), Proposition 2 ª (ed. C. Pozo, BAC, 587, 384).

[13] H.-known thesis Lietzmann (Messe und Herrenmahl, 1926), that the institution of the Eucharist can not be attributed to Jesus historically, has experienced subsequent formulations within the followers of a reductive critical historical exegesis. Wrong about these approaches, cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Notification on some publications of Prof. Dr. Reinhard Messner (30/11/2000), Intr. (Ed. E. Vadillo, 92, 5-7).

[14] Contrary to what the author says, the Church teaches that Satan is a real being angelic in nature and not a myth of evil: "Satan or the devil and other demons are fallen angels, having rejected freely serve God and his purpose. Their choice against God is definitive. They try to associate man in their rebellion against God "(CCE 414).

[15] presentation, and not find justification in the Gospel texts, is opposed to Church teaching on man's justification and forgiveness of sins, which requires personal response: cf. CCE 1489-1490.

[16] Contrary to the claims by the author, the Church teaches that "the Lord Jesus endowed his community with a structure that will remain until the full consummation of the Kingdom" (CCE 765) and that "the vocation and mission of the Twelve Apostles, according to the faith of the Church Christ founded while the ministry of apostolic succession ": Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Notification on some publications of Prof. Dr. Reinhard Messner (30/11/2000), 13 [ed. E. Vadillo, 92, 22].

[17] The Church, however, teaches that the resurrection of Christ is an important historic event: "Faith in the Resurrection has an event designed both historically witnessed by the disciples who actually found the Risen One, and mysteriously as input transcendent humanity of Christ in the glory of God "(CCE 656).

[18] The trial of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on to explain how P. Roger Haight resurrection of Jesus Christ may well apply to the exposure of Pagola JA: "The interpretation of the author takes a position incompatible with the doctrine of the Church. It is made on wrong assumptions and not on the testimony of the New Testament, according to which the appearances of the Risen Christ and the empty grave are the foundation of the faith of the disciples in the resurrection of Christ and not vice versa ": cf. Notice the play "Jesus Symbol of God" of P. Roger Haight, SJ (13/12/2004), V [ed. Vadillo, 104, 24].

[19] See letter to EP Schillebeeckx (20/11/1980) Note Annex I, A, 1 (ed. E. Vadillo, 43, 24).

[20] JA Pagola's work add up to the words of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on some publications of Prof. Dr. Reinhard Messner, "The hypothesis of the origin of the texts paralyze biblical word as such. Conversely, it is clear that the Tradition in the sense defined by the Church, does not mean manipulation of the Scripture through successive teachings and customs, on the contrary, is a guarantee that the word of Scripture to preserve its claim ": Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Notice of some publications of Prof. Dr. Reinhard Messner (30/11/2000), 13 [ed. E. Vadillo, 92, 6].